Barriers to entry

In economics, barriers to entry (also known as barrier to entry) refers to the things that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market.^[1] These are called obstacles and makes it harder for a firm or a person to enter a market. Examples of barriers to entry include government regulation for firms and the need for a certain level of education for a person.

Barriers to entry helps to protect existing firms in the market from new firms entering a market and thus reduces competition in the market, which causes prices to be higher than what is accepted by society. Monopolies and market power is thus formed due to the existence of barriers to entry.

Definition

While the general definition of barriers to entry refers to the obstacles that makes it difficult for a firm or a person to enter a market, there are certain differences in the definitions given by economists as given below.

George Stigler defined barriers to entry as "A cost of producing which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already in the industry."^[2]
Franklin M. Fisher defined it as "anything that prevents entry when entry is socially beneficial."^[3]
Joe S. Bain defined its as anything that allows incumbent firms to earn supernormal profits without threat of entry.^[4]

References

↑ Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2022). Economics. Paramus, New Jersey: Savvas Learning Company. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-13-063085-8. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
↑ McAfee, R. Preston; Mialon, Hugo M.; Williams, Michael A. (2004). "What Is a Barrier to Entry?". The American Economic Review. 94 (2): 461–465. doi:10.1257/0002828041302235. JSTOR 3592928. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
↑ "WHAT IS A BARRIER TO ENTRY?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
↑ Tirole, Jean (1989). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press. p. 305. ISBN 0-262-20071-6.

This short article can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[1] Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2022). Economics. Paramus, New Jersey: Savvas Learning Company. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-13-063085-8. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2015-07-18.

[2] McAfee, R. Preston; Mialon, Hugo M.; Williams, Michael A. (2004). "What Is a Barrier to Entry?". The American Economic Review. 94 (2): 461–465. doi:10.1257/0002828041302235. JSTOR 3592928. Retrieved 18 July 2015.

[3] "WHAT IS A BARRIER TO ENTRY?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2015-07-18.

[4] Tirole, Jean (1989). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press. p. 305. ISBN 0-262-20071-6.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]